Which part of a robot is specifically designed to interact with the external environment?

The manipulator is the part of a robot specifically designed to interact with the external environment. It encompasses elements like arms, grippers, and tools that enable the robot to perform tasks such as picking up objects, moving items, or performing detailed operations that require dexterity. These functions involve making physical contact with the environment and manipulating objects, which is essential for many robotic applications, such as industrial automation, assembly, and service robots.

While sensors, controllers, and batteries are vital components in a robot's operation, they primarily serve different functions. Sensors gather data about the environment, providing information to assist in navigation and task execution, but do not directly interact with the environment themselves. The controller processes inputs from sensors and directs the manipulator's movements, acting as the brain of the robot, while the battery provides the necessary power for the robot's operations. Thus, each has a significant role, but the manipulator is the key component that directly engages with the external environment.